一、核心定义:什么是 “疑问词 + 不定式”?

  • 结构构成:疑问词(who/what/when/where/how/which)+ 不定式(to do)
  • 本质作用:替代 “疑问词引导的名词性从句”,让句子更简洁(避免重复的主语 / 谓语)
  • 语法属性:整体作名词用,可承担主语、宾语、表语、同位语等成分

二、简化原理:哪些名词性从句能被简化?

关键前提:

原从句需满足 “主语一致”—— 从句的主语和主句主语 / 宾语一致(若不一致,需补 “for sb”,见下文注意事项)

1. 简化宾语从句(最常用)

原从句(宾语从句)
简化后(疑问词 + 不定式)
I don’t know what I should do next.
I don’t know what to do next.
She asked how she could get to the station.
She asked how to get to the station.
He can’t decide which book he should buy.
He can’t decide which book to buy.

2. 简化主语从句

原从句(主语从句)
简化后(疑问词 + 不定式)
When we will start the project is unknown.
When to start the project is unknown.
What we need to prepare for the exam is clear.
What to prepare for the exam is clear.

3. 简化表语从句

原从句(表语从句)
简化后(疑问词 + 不定式)
The problem is how we can solve it.
The problem is how to solve it.
My question is who I should ask for help.
My question is who to ask for help.

三、适用疑问词清单(避坑!)

✅ 可用于简化的疑问词:

  • 疑问代词:who(谁)、what(什么)、which(哪一个)
  • 疑问副词:when(何时)、where(何地)、how(如何)

❌ 不可用于简化的 “连接词”:

  • that:无实际意义,无法引导 “疑问词 + 不定式”(例:I think that I should go → 不能简化为 “I think that to go”)
  • because:表原因,只能引导状语从句,不接不定式(例:I know why he left → 可简化为 “I know why to leave”;但 “I know because he told me”→ 不能简化)

四、关键注意事项(易出错点)

1. 从句与主句主语不一致:补 “for sb”

当原从句主语 ≠ 主句主语 / 宾语时,需在不定式前加 “for sb”,明确逻辑主语:
  • 原句:He told me what I should do(从句主语 I ≠ 主句主语 He)
  • 简化:He told me what for me to do(更自然:He told me what I should do → 若强行简化,需补 for me,但日常更常用原句;优先在主语一致时简化)
  • 正确案例:She found a way for us to finish the work fast(替代 “a way that we could finish...”)

2. 不定式的 “及物性” 要匹配

疑问词若作不定式的宾语,不定式后无需加宾语(避免重复):
  • 错误:I don’t know what to do it(do 的宾语是 what,无需加 it)
  • 正确:I don’t know what to do / I don’t know how to do it(how 作方式状语,do 需补宾语 it)

3. “whether” 的特殊用法

whether 可引导名词性从句,简化时保留 whether(不用 if!):
  • 原句:I’m not sure whether I should accept the offer
  • 简化:I’m not sure whether to accept the offer

五、高频应用场景

  1. 跟在 “疑问类动词” 后:know, wonder, decide, ask, learn...
(例:She wondered where to park her car.)
  1. 跟在 “名词” 后:question, way, time, plan...
(例:We need a plan how to save money.)
  1. 作 “介词宾语”(注意:不能直接跟在介词后,需先接名词)
(例:I have no idea about what to do → 正确;I have no idea about to do → 错误)